@oop

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NodeJS | Express | NoSQL | WebSocket | Khazar University | Entrepreneur

Hi! I'm Oop. Feel free to call me Al. I obsess over things. I have a lot of feelings and opinions. Harringrove is my jam right now. Find me on tumblr: thingsalexwrites - writing blog areyouactuallystupid - fan blog classic-al - personal blog   Please come talk to me!

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This profile is no longer associated with Rufat Mammadli. The original owner's username is @rufat now.

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https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/vognhulokzphs0gzq8liy/Compressed-Bundle.zip?rlkey=g2tid6yuvxfilw00vj6421kk8&st=vi4bjzj5&dl=1 //Inheritance, //CompositionAndConcreteClasses, //Composition, //ConcreteClasses, //ArrayListAndPolymorphism, //ArrayList1, //ArrayListAndComposition, //Polymorphism, //AbstractClasses, //Interface, //ExceptionHandling //Inheritance package your.base.package.subpackage; import some.other.package.SuperclassName; public class ClassName extends SuperclassName { // Instance Data Members private DataTypeOne fieldOne; private DataTypeTwo fieldTwo; // Parameterized Constructor public ClassName(SuperclassParamType superParamOne, SuperclassParamType superParamTwo, DataTypeOne fieldOneParam, DataTypeTwo fieldTwoParam) { super(superParamOne, superParamTwo); // Call superclass constructor this.fieldOne = fieldOneParam; this.fieldTwo = fieldTwoParam; } // Default Constructor (Optional) public ClassName() { // this(defaultSuperParam1, defaultSuperParam2, defaultFieldOne, defaultFieldTwo); // Option 1: Call other constructor this.fieldOne = null; // Option 2: Direct initialization this.fieldTwo = 0.0; } // Accessor (Getter) Methods public DataTypeOne getFieldOne() { return fieldOne; } public DataTypeTwo getFieldTwo() { return fieldTwo; } // Mutator (Setter) Methods (Optional, if mutable) public void setFieldOne(DataTypeOne newFieldOne) { this.fieldOne = newFieldOne; } public void setFieldTwo(DataTypeTwo newFieldTwo) { this.fieldTwo = newFieldTwo; } // Overridden Behavioral Method (Optional) @Override public ReturnType someInheritedMethod() { // super.someInheritedMethod(); // Optional: Extend superclass logic // Specific subclass logic here return null; } // Overridden toString() Method @Override public String toString() { String superDetails = super.toString(); return superDetails + "\nSpecific Details of ClassName:" + "\n Field One: " + fieldOne + "\n Field Two: " + String.format("%.2f", fieldTwo); } } //CompositionAndConcreteClasses public class Department { // Real-world: Department managing resources // Primitive fields (domain-specific) private String departmentName; private int departmentCode; // Composed objects (real-world relationships) private Employee manager; // 1:1 relationship private Project[] activeProjects; // 1:many relationship private int projectCount = 0; // === CONSTRUCTOR PATTERNS (Choose relevant ones) === // Basic initialization public Department(String departmentName, int departmentCode) { this.departmentName = departmentName; this.departmentCode = departmentCode; this.activeProjects = new Project[10]; // Default capacity } // With pre-existing objects public Department(String departmentName, int departmentCode, Employee manager, Project[] initialProjects) { this(departmentName, departmentCode); this.manager = manager; this.activeProjects = initialProjects; this.projectCount = initialProjects.length; } // With object creation parameters public Department(String departmentName, int departmentCode, String managerName, String managerId, String[] projectNames, double[] projectBudgets) { this(departmentName, departmentCode); this.manager = new Employee(managerName, managerId); for(int i = 0; i < projectNames.length; i++) { addProject(new Project(projectNames[i], projectBudgets[i])); } } // === CORE OPERATIONS === // Resource management method public void addProject(Project newProject) { if(projectCount >= activeProjects.length) { // Real-world: Handle capacity overflow expandProjectCapacity(); } activeProjects[projectCount++] = newProject; } // Business logic using composition public double calculateTotalBudget() { double total = 0; for(int i = 0; i < projectCount; i++) { total += activeProjects[i].getBudget(); } return total; } // Comparison operation (common pattern) public String compareProjectBudgets() { if(projectCount < 2) return "Insufficient projects"; Project largest = activeProjects[0]; Project smallest = activeProjects[0]; for(int i = 1; i < projectCount; i++) { if(activeProjects[i].getBudget() > largest.getBudget()) largest = activeProjects[i]; if(activeProjects[i].getBudget() < smallest.getBudget()) smallest = activeProjects[i]; } return "Largest: " + largest.getName() + " | Smallest: " + smallest.getName(); } // === UTILITY METHODS === private void expandProjectCapacity() { Project[] newArray = new Project[activeProjects.length * 2]; System.arraycopy(activeProjects, 0, newArray, 0, activeProjects.length); activeProjects = newArray; } // === ACCESSORS/MUTATORS (Standard pattern) === public void setManager(Employee manager) { if(manager == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Manager cannot be null"); this.manager = manager; } public Employee getManager() { return manager; } // === STATUS REPORT METHOD === public String getDepartmentStatus() { StringBuilder report = new StringBuilder(); report.append("Department: ").append(departmentName) .append(" (").append(departmentCode).append(")\n"); report.append("Manager: ").append(manager != null ? manager.getName() : "Vacant").append("\n"); report.append("Projects: ").append(projectCount).append("\n"); report.append("Total Budget: $").append(String.format("%,.2f", calculateTotalBudget())); return report.toString(); } } //Composition package oop.exams.question2; import oop.exams.date.Date; public class Invoice { private String number; private String customerSurname; private double total; private Date date; public Invoice(String number, String customerSurname, double total, Date date) { this.number = number; this.customerSurname = customerSurname; this.total = total; this.date = date; } public Invoice(String number, String customerSurname, double total, int day, String month, int year) { this.number = number; this.customerSurname = customerSurname; this.total = total; this.date = new Date(day, month, year); } public Date getDate() { return date; } public void setDate(int day, String month, int year) { this.date.setDate(day, month, year); } public String issueTheInvoice() { String formattedTotal = String.format("R%.2f", total); String formattedDate = String.format("%02d/%s/%04d", date.getDay(), date.getMonthName(), date.getYear()); StringBuilder invoiceDetails = new StringBuilder(); invoiceDetails.append("Invoice Number: ").append(number) .append(" Date: ").append(formattedDate) .append("\nCustomer: ").append(customerSurname) .append("\nTotal ").append(formattedTotal); return invoiceDetails.toString(); } } //ConcreteClasses package domain.model; public class Entity { private String id; private int metric; private double score; private boolean isActive; public Entity() { this.id = ""; this.metric = 0; this.score = 0.0; this.isActive = false; } public Entity(String id, int metric, double score, boolean isActive) { this.id = id; this.metric = metric; this.score = score; this.isActive = isActive; } public String getId() { return id; } public int getMetric() { return metric; } public double getScore() { return score; } public boolean isActive() { return isActive; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public void setMetric(int metric) { this.metric = metric; } public void setScore(double score) { this.score = score; } public void setActive(boolean active) { isActive = active; } public boolean process(int inputValue) { double threshold = (inputValue / 100.0) * score; if (isActive && threshold < 50) { this.metric += inputValue; return true; } else { return false; } } } //ArrayListAndPolymorphism package com.example.myproject; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.example.base.BaseType; import com.example.subtypes.SubTypeA; import com.example.subtypes.SubTypeB; public class MyManagerClass { private String managerName; private int uniqueId; private double standardRate; private ArrayList<BaseType> collectionOfItems; /** * Constructor for MyManagerClass. */ public MyManagerClass(String managerName, int uniqueId, double standardRate, ArrayList<BaseType> initialItems) { this.managerName = managerName; this.uniqueId = uniqueId; this.standardRate = standardRate; if (initialItems != null) { this.collectionOfItems = initialItems; } else { this.collectionOfItems = new ArrayList<>(); } } // Accessor (getter) methods public String getManagerName() { return managerName; } public int getUniqueId() { return uniqueId; } public double getStandardRate() { return standardRate; } public ArrayList<BaseType> getCollectionOfItems() { return collectionOfItems; } /** * Setter for standardRate. */ public void setStandardRate(double newStandardRate) { this.standardRate = newStandardRate; } /** * Setter for the entire ArrayList. */ public void setCollectionOfItems(ArrayList<BaseType> newCollection) { this.collectionOfItems = newCollection; } /** * Adds a new polymorphic object. */ public void addNewItem(char typeChar, String param1, int param2, double param3) { char upperCaseType = Character.toUpperCase(typeChar); if (upperCaseType == 'A') { collectionOfItems.add(new SubTypeA(param1, param2)); } else if (upperCaseType == 'B') { collectionOfItems.add(new SubTypeB(param1, param3)); } } /** * Processes or finds a specific polymorphic object. */ public String processItems(String searchIdentifier, double additionalParam) { BaseType foundItem = null; for (BaseType item : collectionOfItems) { if (item instanceof SubTypeA && item.getIdentifier().equalsIgnoreCase(searchIdentifier)) { foundItem = item; break; } } if (foundItem == null) { return "Item with identifier '" + searchIdentifier + "' not found or is not of the expected type."; } SubTypeA specificItem = (SubTypeA) foundItem; double calculatedValue = standardRate * additionalParam; return "Successfully processed item: " + specificItem.getIdentifier() + "\nCalculated value: R" + String.format("%.2f", calculatedValue); } /** * Example of a more complex calculation method. */ public double calculateComplexCost(String meterNumber, double previousReading) { double cost = 0.0; SubTypeB targetMeter = null; for (BaseType item : collectionOfItems) { if (item instanceof SubTypeB && item.getIdentifier().equalsIgnoreCase(meterNumber)) { targetMeter = (SubTypeB) item; break; } } if (targetMeter == null) { return 0.0; } double unitsUsed = targetMeter.getCurrentReading() - previousReading; if (unitsUsed < 0) { unitsUsed = 0; } if (unitsUsed > 0) { double tier1Units = Math.min(unitsUsed, 100); cost += tier1Units * 2.097; unitsUsed -= tier1Units; } if (unitsUsed > 0) { double tier2Units = Math.min(unitsUsed, 300); cost += tier2Units * 2.4541; unitsUsed -= tier2Units; } return cost; } @Override public String toString() { return "MyManagerClass{" + "managerName='" + managerName + '\'' + ", uniqueId=" + uniqueId + ", standardRate=" + standardRate + ", numberOfItems=" + collectionOfItems.size() + '}'; } } //ArrayList1 package library.management; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import your.custom.model.ClassName; public class LibraryApp { public static void main(String[] args) { // 1. Simulate data input as strings: "Title-NumberOfCopies" String[] bookData = { "The Hobbit-12", "1984-8", "Pride and Prejudice-5", "To Kill a Mockingbird-10" }; // 2. Populate ArrayList with Book objects ArrayList<Book> library = new ArrayList<>(); for (String data : bookData) { String[] parts = data.split("-"); String title = parts[0]; int copies = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]); library.add(new Book(title, copies)); } // 3. Update copies of a book based on user input String titleInput = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter the title of the book to update copies:", "Update Book Copies", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE); String copiesInput = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter the new number of copies for " + titleInput + ":", "Update Book Copies", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE); if (titleInput != null && copiesInput != null) { try { int newCopies = Integer.parseInt(copiesInput); updateBookCopies(library, titleInput, newCopies); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Copies updated successfully!", "Update Successful", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please enter a valid number.", "Input Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); } } // 4. Get list of books with more than 5 copies available ArrayList<String> popularBooks = getPopularBooks(library); StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder("Books with more than 5 copies available:\n"); if (popularBooks.isEmpty()) { message.append("None found."); } else { for (String bookTitle : popularBooks) { message.append("- ").append(bookTitle).append("\n"); } } JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message.toString(), "Popular Books", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); } // Method to update the number of copies of a book public static void updateBookCopies(ArrayList<Book> library, String title, int newCopies) { for (Book book : library) { if (book.getTitle().equalsIgnoreCase(title)) { book.setCopies(newCopies); break; } } } // Method to get titles of books with more than 5 copies public static ArrayList<String> getPopularBooks(ArrayList<Book> library) { ArrayList<String> popular = new ArrayList<>(); for (Book book : library) { if (book.getCopies() > 5) { popular.add(book.getTitle()); } } return popular; } } //ArrayListAndComposition package oop.library; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Library { private String name; private ArrayList<Book> books; private ArrayList<Member> members; // Main constructor initializing all fields public Library(String name, ArrayList<Book> books, ArrayList<Member> members) { this.name = name; this.books = books; this.members = members; } // Overloaded constructor initializing collections as empty lists public Library(String name) { this.name = name; this.books = new ArrayList<>(); this.members = new ArrayList<>(); } // Getters and setters public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public ArrayList<Book> getBooks() { return books; } public void setBooks(ArrayList<Book> books) { this.books = books; } public ArrayList<Member> getMembers() { return members; } public void setMembers(ArrayList<Member> members) { this.members = members; } // Method to add a book object to the books list public void addBook(Book book) { books.add(book); } // Overloaded method to add a book by providing details public void addBook(String title, String author, int pages) { Book newBook = new Book(title, author, pages); books.add(newBook); } // Method to find books by author name (case-insensitive) public String listBooksByAuthor(String author) { StringBuilder foundBooks = new StringBuilder(); boolean found = false; for (Book book : books) { if (book.getAuthor().equalsIgnoreCase(author)) { foundBooks.append(book.getTitle()).append("\n"); found = true; } } if (!found) { return "No books found by this author"; } else { return foundBooks.toString().trim(); } } // Method to remove a member and clear their borrowed books list (assuming Member has a borrowedBooks list) public void removeMember(Member member) { member.clearBorrowedBooks(); // Assuming such a method exists members.remove(member); } } //Polymorphism package mycompany.management; import java.util.ArrayList; public class VehicleFleetManager { private String managerName; private int regionCode; private ArrayList<Vehicle> vehicles; public VehicleFleetManager(String managerName, int regionCode) { this.managerName = managerName; this.regionCode = regionCode; this.vehicles = new ArrayList<>(); } public ArrayList<Vehicle> getVehicles() { return vehicles; } public void addVehicle(Vehicle vehicle) { vehicles.add(vehicle); } // Example: List vehicle IDs with low fuel (only for Trucks) public String listLowFuelTrucks() { String result = ""; for (Vehicle v : vehicles) { if (v instanceof Truck) { Truck truck = (Truck) v; if (truck.isFuelLow()) { result += truck.getVehicleId() + "\n"; } } } return result; } // Example: Get status of a Bike by rider name public String getBikeStatusByRider(String riderName) { String status = "No bike found for rider: " + riderName; for (Vehicle v : vehicles) { if (v instanceof Bike) { Bike bike = (Bike) v; if (bike.getRiderName().equals(riderName)) { status = bike.getStatus(); break; } } } return status; } // Example: Calculate operational percentage of all vehicles public double calculateOperationalPercentage() { int operationalCount = 0; for (Vehicle v : vehicles) { if (v.isOperational()) { operationalCount++; } } if (vehicles.size() == 0) { return 0.0; } return (double) operationalCount / vehicles.size() * 100; } } //AbstractClasses // Package declaration (use relevant package name) package com.example.device; // Abstract class representing a generic Device public abstract class Device { // Protected attribute accessible by subclasses protected String brand; // Private attribute, accessible only within this class private double powerRating; // in watts // Constructor to initialize brand and power rating public Device(String brand, double powerRating) { this.brand = brand; this.powerRating = powerRating; } // Getter for brand public String getBrand() { return brand; } // Setter for brand public void setBrand(String brand) { this.brand = brand; } // Getter for powerRating public double getPowerRating() { return powerRating; } // Setter for powerRating public void setPowerRating(double powerRating) { this.powerRating = powerRating; } /** * Abstract method to calculate energy consumption. * Must be implemented by subclasses. * @param hoursUsed Number of hours the device was used * @return Energy consumed in kWh */ public abstract double calculateEnergyConsumption(double hoursUsed); } // Concrete subclass representing a SmartLight device package com.example.device.smart; import com.example.device.Device; public class SmartLight extends Device { private boolean hasColorChangeFeature; // Constructor public SmartLight(String brand, double powerRating, boolean hasColorChangeFeature) { super(brand, powerRating); this.hasColorChangeFeature = hasColorChangeFeature; } // Getter for feature public boolean hasColorChangeFeature() { return hasColorChangeFeature; } // Setter for feature public void setColorChangeFeature(boolean hasColorChangeFeature) { this.hasColorChangeFeature = hasColorChangeFeature; } // Implement abstract method to calculate energy consumption @Override public double calculateEnergyConsumption(double hoursUsed) { double baseConsumption = (getPowerRating() * hoursUsed) / 1000.0; // convert to kWh if (hasColorChangeFeature) { baseConsumption += baseConsumption * 0.10; // 10% extra usage if feature is on } return baseConsumption; } } //Interface // Deliverable interface defining delivery-related constant and method public interface Deliverable { double MAX_SPEED = 60.0; // max drone speed in km/h double estimateDeliveryTime(double distance); } // Package class implementing Deliverable with weight and priority public class Package implements Deliverable { private double weight; // in kg private double priority; // numerical priority public Package(double weight, double priority) { this.weight = weight; this.priority = priority; } @Override public double estimateDeliveryTime(double distance) { double actualSpeed = MAX_SPEED - (2 * weight) + (5 * priority); if (actualSpeed < 10.0) actualSpeed = 10.0; return distance / actualSpeed; } } // Trackable interface with max distance and tracking status method public interface Trackable { double MAX_DISTANCE = 1000.0; // max trackable distance in km String getTrackingStatus(); } // Shipment class implementing Trackable with ID, destination, and distance public class Shipment implements Trackable { private String shipmentId; private String destination; private int distance; public Shipment(String shipmentId, String destination, int distance) { this.shipmentId = shipmentId; this.destination = destination; this.distance = distance; } @Override public String getTrackingStatus() { if (distance <= MAX_DISTANCE) { return "In Transit"; } else { return "Delivery Delayed"; } } } // Service interface with start, stop, and isRunning methods public interface Service { void start(); void stop(); boolean isRunning(); } // Yearly interface with a constant and methods for registration and graduation public interface Yearly { String UNIVERSITY = "Tshwane University of Technology"; void register(int numberOfSubjectsRegistered); boolean graduate(int requiredSubjectsToGraduate); } // Student class implementing Yearly with student number and subject count public class Student implements Yearly { private String studentNumber; private int numberOfSubjects; public Student(String studentNumber) { this.studentNumber = studentNumber; this.numberOfSubjects = 0; } public String getStudentNumber() { return studentNumber; } public int getNumberOfSubjects() { return numberOfSubjects; } @Override public void register(int numberOfSubjectsRegistered) { this.numberOfSubjects += numberOfSubjectsRegistered; } @Override public boolean graduate(int requiredSubjectsToGraduate) { return numberOfSubjects >= requiredSubjectsToGraduate; } } // Taxable interface with VAT constant and addTax method public interface Taxable { double VAT = 0.15; double addTax(); } // PurchaseItem class implementing Taxable with code, description, and price public class PurchaseItem implements Taxable { private String code; private String description; private double price; public PurchaseItem(String code, String description, double price) { this.code = code; this.description = description; this.price = price; } @Override public double addTax() { return price + (price * VAT); } } //ExceptionHandling Custom Exception Definition & Throwing: extends Exception, super(message), throw new, throws Method Signature Declaration: public void method() throws CustomException Exception Handling Block: try, catch (NumberFormatException e/exp), catch (CustoException e/exp), {}, (),null, output/e.getMessage(), output = exp/e.getMessage(), printStackTrace(), finally Validation & Parsing: if (condition) throw new CustomException..., Integer.parseInt, Double.parseDouble Scope Concepts: variable declared inside try/catch, accessibility outside Robust/Fault Tolerant Concepts: recovery, error handling, data validation, clean-up code, fault tolerant, robust Exception Categorization: checked, unchecked, compile-time, runtime Core Exception Classes: Exception, RuntimeException, IOException, NumberFormatException, NullPointerException, ArithmeticException, FileNotFoundException, Errors

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